1.What is a
computer?
Ans: A computer
is a High Speed Digital electronic device that operates under the control of instructions and it has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. It is a collection of two components Hardware and Software.
Classification of Computer
Classification based on Purpose:
1. General Purpose Computer
2. Special Purpose Computer
Classification based on Type:
1. Analog Computer :
Analog Computers are used mostly in Medical Sciences. This very kind of Computers work on Continuous data values, for eg. if you have to calculate the pressure or something similar then kind of technology having will be useful.
2. Digital Computer :
Digital Computers are the most commonly used computer on a digital technique which is widely used and preferred now-a-days. This kind of computers uses micro processor technology which is quite digital and able to calculate and execute million of instruction within a second. This also comes under kind of categories as we can see downwards..
3. Hybrid Computer :
The kind of computer comes with both characteristics (digital and analog) are called hybrid. This is used there where it needs to calculate both the digital and analog data for e.g. In Hospitals.
Classification based on Size:
1. Micro
Computer (Personal Computer) :
The processor is very small so that called Micro processor and device is called Micro Computer. Micro Computer is single user device example: Desktop, Laptom, Palmtop, Notebook, PDA, etc.
2. Mini
computer :
The processor of Mini Computer is small but larger than Micro processor. Mini Computer is multi user device generally used in designing company for commercial use.
3. Main frame
Computer :
It has larger processor and multiuser device. Number of users is more than Mini Computer. This is multiuser and multitasking device mostly used in Metrology.
4. Super
Computer:
The processor is biggest than other Computer and processing capacity is highest than other devices. It is multi user fastest calculating device, generally used in nuclear science for calculation purpose. CRAY-I is the first Super Computer. India's First Super Computer is PARAM-10000
4.Some
Advantages of a Computer :
ANS :-1. Very
high speeds
2. Large storage and retrieval
Capacity
3. Accuracy in calculation
4. Versatility(Multiple Task/ Multitasking/ Multiple Work)
5. Diligency
5. Some
Disadvantages of a Computer :
ANS
:-1. Cannot think
2. Cannot learn by experience
3.Cannot take independent decision.Requires
human instruction to take a decision.
6. What is
Software ?
ANS : Software is the series of instructions that tells the
hardware how to perform tasks. Without software, Hardware is useless. Hardware
needs the instructions provided by Software to start work.
7. Software
two type :
ANS : 1. System Software
2. Application Software
8. What is
Hardware ?
ANS : The
electric electronic and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer is called
hardware. Hardware is any part of a computer you can touch and feel any
peripheral equipment such as Keyboard, Printer, Monitor, Speakers and Mouse
devices.
9. What is
input device?
Ans: Data
entered into a Computer is called input devices.
Some
examples of input devices are :
1.Keyboard
2.Mouse 3. Joysticks 4. Touch Screen 5.
Digital Camera 7.
Video conferencing
8.Voice input 9. Audio input.
10. What is output
device?
Ans: Computer
is fed with a lot of data to be processed and organised. The data that has been
processed in to a useful form is called output devices.
Some example of output devices are :
1. Monitor
2. Video Card 3. Printers 4. Speakers.
11. Mention
the name of four early computer .
ANS:-1.Mark
I 2.ENSIC -Electronic Numeric Integrator
and Calculator 3.EDVAC –Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Compurer 4.UNIVAC –Universal Automatic Computer.
12. Any computer system can broadly classified in terms of four component dimensions:
*Hardware
*Operating
system
*Application
programs (like ms word, Games,Calculator)
*User
(people who work on the computer)
13.
Generation of Computer
First Generation
First
generation computers,starting with the UNIVAC I in 1951, used vacuum tubes and
their memories were made of thin tubes of liquid mercury and magnetic drums.
Second Generation
Second
general systems in the late 1950 s replaced tubes with transistors and used
magnetic cores for memories (IBM 1401,Honeywell 800).size was reduced and reliability was significantly
improved…….
Third Generation
Third
generation computers, beginning in the mid 1960s, used the first integrated
circuits(IBM 360,CDC 6400) and the first operating systems.online systems were
widely developed,although most
processing was still batch oriented, using punched cards and magnetic tapes.
Four Generation
The fourth
generation which start in the mid 1970s, brought us computers made entirely
of chips.It spawned the
microprocessor and personal computer.It introduced distributed processing and
office automation.For the first
time,query languages,report writers and spreadsheets put large number of
people in touch with the computer.
Fifth Generation
Fifth
generation computer are expected to combine very large scale integration (VLSI)with sophistication
approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed
processing.
Windows XP
Microsoft
windows XP is an operating system program that controls the overall activity
and ensures that all parts of your computer work together smoothly and
efficiently of your computer.
Basic components of Windows
1. My Computer:The my computer icon,on
a windows desktop includes the disk drives and system folders,which the control
panels and dial-up networking.
2. My Documents:It provides a convenient place to store your documents.
3. Recycle
Bin:In windows,an icon of a waste can used for deleting files .It stores
deleted files and allows you to recover them later.
4. My network
place:It allows you to view the folders and files available on your network.
5. Desktop:It is a background area of your screen.
6. Start
Button:It provides quick access to programs and files.
7. Quick
Launch toolbar:Provides quick access to commonly used features.
8. Clock:Displays
the current time.
10. Windows:A
Windows is a rectangular area on screen surrounded by a window frame with a
title at the top.When you launch a windows application.It is displayed in its
own window.Each subsequent application is displayed in another.
11. Scrollbar: A
horizontal or vertical scrollbar that contains a box
that looks like on elevator in a shaft.The bar is clicked to scroll the
screen in the corresponding displayed in another.
12. Title
bar: Displays the name of an open windows.
